{"id":2495,"date":"2025-03-14T17:40:39","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T16:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presto.digiamo.cz\/presto\/?p=2495"},"modified":"2025-07-06T20:40:21","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T18:40:21","slug":"latinska-prislovi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/latinska-prislovi","title":{"rendered":"Latinsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed, kter\u00e1 (ne)zn\u00e1te"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Snad v\u0161ichni zn\u00e1me v\u00fdroky jako: \u201e<em>Veni, vidi, vici<\/em>,\u201c \u010di: \u201e<em>Carpe diem.<\/em>\u201c Stejn\u011b tak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zn\u00e1me jejich v\u00fdznam i&nbsp;p\u016fvod. V&nbsp;tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se nebudeme v\u011bnovat v\u0161em v\u00fdrok\u016fm, ale jen&nbsp;<strong>p\u0159\u00edslov\u00edm<\/strong>. A&nbsp;to, jak jsme ji\u017e nast\u00ednili, p\u0159\u00edslov\u00edm&nbsp;<strong>latinsk\u00fdm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obsah \u010dl\u00e1nku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>co je p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed,<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>pro\u010d n\u00e1s v\u016fbec je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 latina,<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>p\u0159\u00edklady latinsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed + jejich p\u0159eklad.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1007\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-93-1007x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-93-1007x1024.png 1007w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-93-295x300.png 295w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-93-768x781.png 768w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-93.png 1063w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1007px) 100vw, 1007px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Proto\u017ee r\u016fzn\u00fdch definic&nbsp;<strong>nen\u00ed nikdy dost<\/strong>&nbsp;(a&nbsp;zejm\u00e9na pak proto, \u017ee si je&nbsp;<strong>m\u00e1lokdy zapamatujeme<\/strong>), poj\u010fme si p\u0159ipomenout, co <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/ceska-prislovi\">p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed<\/a><\/strong> vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1. Jedn\u00e1 se o&nbsp;<strong>ust\u00e1len\u00fd v\u00fdrok obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed obecn\u011b platn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady nebo mravou\u010dn\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro lep\u0161\u00ed zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed \u010dasto ust\u00e1lenou podobu, ta se ale li\u0161\u00ed v&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti na dan\u00e9m jazyce. P\u0159esto\u017ee ale formy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9, v\u00fdznam je zpravidla stejn\u00fd. Jak pozd\u011bji zjist\u00edte, v\u00fdznam n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed v\u00e1m jist\u011b nebude ciz\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pro\u010d n\u00e1s v\u016fbec je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1 latina<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud v\u00e1m hlavou probleskla pr\u00e1v\u011b tato ot\u00e1zka, pak se nept\u00e1te \u00fapln\u011b \u0161patn\u011b.\u00a0<a href=\"page\/preklady-lat\"><strong>Latina<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0je v\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b toti\u017e\u00a0<strong>mrtv\u00fdm jazykem<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 mimo Vatik\u00e1n, kde je kv\u016fli c\u00edrkvi\u00a0<strong>jazykem \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm<\/strong>, se tedy nikde neu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tak pro\u010d n\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1? A&nbsp;pro\u010d n\u00e1s pak zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed latinsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee je latina mrtv\u00fdm jazykem, st\u00e1le mluv\u00edme o&nbsp;jazyku&nbsp;<strong>v\u00fdznamn\u00e9m<\/strong>. Latina pat\u0159\u00ed do&nbsp;<strong>indoevropsk\u00e9 rodiny jazyk\u016f<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;jej\u00ed vznik datujeme u\u017e k&nbsp;dob\u00e1m&nbsp;<strong>antick\u00e9ho \u0158\u00edma<\/strong>. Na jej\u00edm z\u00e1klad\u011b vznikly&nbsp;<strong>dne\u0161n\u00ed rom\u00e1nsk\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/uredni-jazyk\">jazyky<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;jako&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/francouzstina\">francouz\u0161tina<\/a><\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/italstina\">ital\u0161tina<\/a><\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/spanelstina\">\u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina<\/a><\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>portugal\u0161tina<\/strong>&nbsp;nebo&nbsp;<strong>r\u00e9torom\u00e1n\u0161tina<\/strong>. Vliv v\u0161ak m\u011bla i&nbsp;na dal\u0161\u00ed dnes v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 jazyky, nap\u0159. na angli\u010dtinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jednalo se o&nbsp;<strong>jazyk c\u00edrkve a&nbsp;vzd\u011blanc\u016f<\/strong>, tedy jazyk vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se pr\u00e1v\u011b v&nbsp;c\u00edrkevn\u00edch instituc\u00edch, na univerzit\u00e1ch, v&nbsp;literatu\u0159e a&nbsp;um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Latina d\u00e1le byla a&nbsp;je&nbsp;<strong>z\u00e1kladem pro odbornou terminologii<\/strong>. Dodnes je tak vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"page\/preklady-medicina\">l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>biologii<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>pr\u00e1vu<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>filozofii<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bd\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed v&nbsp;latin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako se dodnes u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed latinsk\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 term\u00edny,&nbsp;<strong>nejsou \u00fapln\u011b zapomenuty<\/strong>&nbsp;ani n\u011bkter\u00e1 ust\u00e1len\u00e1 spojen\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v&nbsp;tomto jazyce vzd\u011blanc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poj\u010fme si tedy n\u011bkter\u00e1 vybran\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed p\u0159edstavit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Ire docetur eundo.<\/strong><\/td><td>Chodit se \u010dlov\u011bk u\u010d\u00ed ch\u016fz\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Caeca individa est.<\/strong><\/td><td>Z\u00e1vist je slep\u00e1.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Honores mutant mores, sed raro in meliores.<\/strong><\/td><td>Pocty m\u011bn\u00ed mravy, ale z\u0159\u00eddkakdy k&nbsp;lep\u0161\u00edmu.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Nihil gratis.<\/strong><\/td><td>Nic nen\u00ed zadarmo.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Lupus non mordet lupum.<\/strong><\/td><td>Vlk vlkovi neubl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Exemplum docet.<\/strong><\/td><td>P\u0159\u00edklad pou\u010duje.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Historia magistra vitae.<\/strong><\/td><td>D\u011bjiny jsou u\u010ditelkou \u017eivota.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ignoratia iuris nocet, neminem excusat.<\/strong><\/td><td>Neznalost z\u00e1kona \u0161kod\u00ed a&nbsp;nikoho neomlouv\u00e1.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Amicus certus in re incerta cernitur.<\/strong><\/td><td>Prav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edtel se pozn\u00e1 v&nbsp;nejist\u00e9 dob\u011b.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Imperiti facile ad credentum impelluntur.<\/strong><\/td><td>Neznal\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt snadno donuceni k&nbsp;v\u00ed\u0159e.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kde se dnes vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u016f\u017eete nam\u00edtat, \u017ee na rozd\u00edl od zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch odborn\u00fdch term\u00edn\u016f p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed nemaj\u00ed v&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. To ale nen\u00ed tak \u00fapln\u011b pravda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Uzn\u00e1v\u00e1me sice, \u017ee&nbsp;<strong>v&nbsp;ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nevyu\u017eijete<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 leda byste cht\u011bli na n\u011bkoho zamachrovat t\u00edm, \u017ee je v\u016fbec zn\u00e1te. V\u0161imn\u011bte si ale nap\u0159. jejich v\u00fdskytu&nbsp;<strong>v&nbsp;um\u011bn\u00ed, a&nbsp;to i&nbsp;v&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00ed popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultu\u0159e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mnoho liter\u00e1rn\u00edch autor\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 latinsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed (resp. latinsk\u00e9 fr\u00e1ze v\u0161eobecn\u011b)&nbsp;<strong>t\u0159eba v&nbsp;n\u00e1zvech kapitol<\/strong>, dokonce i&nbsp;<strong>d\u00edly jednotliv\u00fdch televizn\u00edch seri\u00e1l\u016f<\/strong>&nbsp;se n\u011bkdy py\u0161n\u00ed n\u00e1zvem takov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed. Obl\u00edben\u00e9 latinsk\u00e9 cit\u00e1ty se objevuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude \u2013 od tri\u010dek po tetov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nez\u0159\u00eddka jsou tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed \u010di jin\u00e9 latinsk\u00e9 pojmy&nbsp;<strong>sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed d\u011bje<\/strong>. B\u00fdvaj\u00ed to n\u00e1pov\u011bdy, \u0161ifry, pom\u016fcky k&nbsp;dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle apod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozhodn\u011b by tedy bylo chybou \u017e\u00edt s&nbsp;t\u00edm, \u017ee latina je jazykem, kter\u00fd v&nbsp;dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b nen\u00ed vid\u011bt. Naopak&nbsp;<strong>je st\u00e1le kolem n\u00e1s<\/strong>, jen m\u00e1 trochu jinou funkci ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. Stejn\u011b tak latinsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed.&nbsp;<em>Tempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Snad v\u0161ichni zn\u00e1me v\u00fdroky jako: \u201eVeni, vidi, vici,\u201c \u010di: \u201eCarpe diem.\u201c Stejn\u011b tak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zn\u00e1me jejich v\u00fdznam i&nbsp;p\u016fvod. V&nbsp;tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se nebudeme v\u011bnovat v\u0161em v\u00fdrok\u016fm, ale jen&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edslov\u00edm. A&nbsp;to, jak jsme ji\u017e nast\u00ednili, p\u0159\u00edslov\u00edm&nbsp;latinsk\u00fdm. Obsah \u010dl\u00e1nku: Co je p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed Proto\u017ee r\u016fzn\u00fdch definic&nbsp;nen\u00ed nikdy dost&nbsp;(a&nbsp;zejm\u00e9na pak proto, \u017ee si je&nbsp;m\u00e1lokdy zapamatujeme), poj\u010fme si p\u0159ipomenout, co p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed vlastn\u011b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3045,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slovnik-pojmu"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2495"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2495\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8604,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2495\/revisions\/8604"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3045"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}