{"id":2471,"date":"2025-03-14T17:30:34","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T16:30:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presto.digiamo.cz\/presto\/?p=2471"},"modified":"2025-07-06T20:15:49","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T18:15:49","slug":"spanelstina-a-abeceda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/spanelstina-a-abeceda","title":{"rendered":"\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina a abeceda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tinou<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0dnes hovo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 mili\u00f3n\u016f lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je n\u00e1rodn\u00edm jazykem ve 20 zem\u00edch,\u00a0p\u0159eklady \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0i u n\u00e1s pat\u0159\u00ed k t\u011bm nej\u017e\u00e1dan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. Pokud se tento jazyk tou\u017e\u00edte tak\u00e9 nau\u010dit, m\u011bli byste jako prvn\u00ed za\u010d\u00edt abecedou. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 abeceda vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0latinky a je velmi podobn\u00e1 jin\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm jazyk\u016fm, li\u0161\u00ed se v\u0161ak v\u00fdslovnost\u00ed a n\u011bkolika drobn\u00fdmi detaily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00edm se vyzna\u010duje \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 abeceda?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 abeceda, nebo tak\u00e9 El alfabeto \u010di El abecedario, se n\u011bjak v\u00fdrazn\u011b neli\u0161\u00ed od t\u00e9 na\u0161\u00ed, nebo\u0165 rovn\u011b\u017e vych\u00e1z\u00ed z latinky. V \u010dem je v\u0161ak jin\u00e1, je v\u00fdslovnost n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u00edsmen. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v n\u00ed, a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky, tak\u00e9 nenajdeme diakritick\u00e1 znam\u00e9nka typick\u00e1 pro \u010deskou abecedu. Krom\u011b toho je nav\u00edc dopln\u011bna o specifick\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno \u00d1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve slovech se d\u00e1le objevuj\u00ed, podobn\u011b jako v \u010desk\u00e9m jazyce, samohl\u00e1sky s \u010d\u00e1rkou<\/strong> (\u00e1, \u00e9, \u00ed, \u00f3, \u00fa), ale maj\u00ed jin\u00fd v\u00fdznam po str\u00e1nce v\u00fdslovnostn\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b \u010d\u00e1rka signalizuje, \u017ee m\u00e1me samohl\u00e1sku vyslovit dlouze, ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b ozna\u010duje slabiku, na kterou je t\u0159eba kl\u00e1st d\u016fraz<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdslovnost p\u00edsmen \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 abecedy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
A<\/td>B<\/td>C<\/td>D<\/td>E<\/td>F<\/td><\/tr>
a<\/td>be<\/td>ce [\u03b8e, se]<\/td>d<\/td>e<\/td>efe<\/td><\/tr>
G<\/td>H<\/td>I<\/td>J<\/td>K<\/td>L<\/td><\/tr>
ge [che]<\/td>Hache [a\u010de]<\/td>i<\/td>Jota [chota]<\/td>ka<\/td>ele<\/td><\/tr>
M<\/td>N<\/td>\u00d1<\/td>O<\/td>P<\/td>Q<\/td><\/tr>
eme<\/td>ene<\/td>e\u00f1e [e\u0148e]<\/td>o<\/td>pe<\/td>cu [ku]<\/td><\/tr>
R<\/td>S<\/td>T<\/td>U<\/td>V<\/td>W<\/td><\/tr>
erre<\/td>ese<\/td>te<\/td>u<\/td>uve, ve [ube, be]<\/td>Uve doble [ube doble]<\/td><\/tr>
X<\/td>Y<\/td>Z<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
Equis [ekis]<\/td>ye [je], i griega<\/td>zeta [\u03b8eta, seta]<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

*V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou v tabulce uvedeny dv\u011b varianty, prvn\u00ed se vztahuje k v\u00fdslovnosti evropsk\u00e9 \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny a druh\u00e1 k v\u00fdslovnosti \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tiny na \u00fazem\u00ed latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*K a W se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze ve slovech ciz\u00edho p\u016fvodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaj\u00edmavosti \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 abecedy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 abeceda ofici\u00e1ln\u011b neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1 sp\u0159e\u017eky a dvojit\u00e9 souhl\u00e1sky, ve slovech je najdeme. Jmenovit\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o \u201eLL\u201c, \u201eCH\u201c<\/strong> a v latinsk\u00e9 Americe nav\u00edc tak\u00e9 o \u201eRR\u201c.<\/strong> D\u0159\u00edve tato p\u00edsmena byla sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 abecedy, ale Akademie \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho jazyka<\/strong><\/a> se rozhodla pro jejich vy\u0159azen\u00ed v r\u00e1mci zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed jazyka v roce 2010. Od t\u00e9 doby abeceda obsahuje pouze 27 znak\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina podobn\u011b jako jin\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 jazyky pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010dleny k odli\u0161en\u00ed \u017eivotnosti a rodu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno abecedy je rodu \u017eensk\u00e9ho<\/strong>. M\u016f\u017eeme tedy \u0159\u00edci nebo napsat nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201ela zeta\u201c<\/em> \u010di \u201euna pe\u201c<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b specifick\u00e9ho znaku v podob\u011b vlnky nad N (ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9ho tilde<\/em>) \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tina tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 obr\u00e1cen\u00e1 interpunk\u010dn\u00ed znam\u00e9nka<\/strong>. Obr\u00e1cen\u00fd vyk\u0159i\u010dn\u00edk nebo otazn\u00edk se p\u00ed\u0161e na za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u011bty a jeho v\u00fdznam je stejn\u00fd jako v na\u0161em jazyce. Na konci v\u011bty se uv\u00e1d\u00ed znovu, ale ji\u017e v podob\u011b, kterou zn\u00e1me. N\u00ed\u017ee si uvedeme n\u00e1zorn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady:<\/p>\n\n\n\n