{"id":2456,"date":"2025-03-14T17:22:04","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T16:22:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presto.digiamo.cz\/presto\/?p=2456"},"modified":"2025-07-06T19:58:46","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T17:58:46","slug":"bengalstina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/bengalstina","title":{"rendered":"Beng\u00e1l\u0161tina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

S okrasn\u00fdm p\u00edsmem p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edm sanskrt se setk\u00e1me v jazyce zvan\u00e9m beng\u00e1l\u0161tina, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u00fazem\u00ed Banglad\u00e9\u0161e a Indie. V\u00edte, \u010d\u00edm je jazyk specifick\u00fd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je beng\u00e1l\u0161tina a kde se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Beng\u00e1l\u0161tina je indo-\u00e1rijsk\u00fd jazyk, kter\u00fd se vyvinul ze sanskrtu a pr\u00e1krtu. V\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je\u00a0\u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm<\/strong>\u00a0jazykem Banglad\u00e9\u0161e<\/strong>\u00a0a z\u00e1rove\u0148 je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fdch jazyk\u016f v Indii<\/strong>. Celkov\u00fd po\u010det mluv\u010d\u00edch jazyka \u010din\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 265 milion\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e asi 100 milion\u016f \u017eije v\u00a0Banglad\u00e9\u0161i a zhruba 85 milion\u016f v\u00a0Indii, zejm\u00e9na ve st\u00e1tech\u00a0Beng\u00e1lsko, Assam a Tripura. Jazyk je tak\u00e9 bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd s\u00a0as\u00e1m\u0161tinou<\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 stejn\u00fd p\u00edsemn\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed fakt, \u017ee mluven\u00e1 beng\u00e1l\u0161tina se pom\u011brn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od psan\u00e9 podoby<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 se velmi podob\u00e1 sanskrtu<\/strong>. Slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soba se pak tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee li\u0161it podle \u00fazem\u00ed, kde se jazykem hovo\u0159\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 mluv\u00edc\u00ed beng\u00e1l\u0161tinou m\u016f\u017eeme potkat i v dal\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1tech sv\u011bta, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad Spojen\u00e9 Arabsk\u00e9 Emir\u00e1ty, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, USA, Singapur, Nep\u00e1l \u010di Malawi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beng\u00e1lsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pro beng\u00e1lsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo je charakteristick\u00e1 horn\u00ed linka<\/strong>, kterou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 i sanskrt. Tato linka spojuje p\u00edsmena jednoho slova v celek, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 matra<\/em><\/strong>. Slova se pak odd\u011bluj\u00ed mezerou. Text v beng\u00e1l\u0161tin\u011b se p\u00ed\u0161e zleva doprava<\/strong> a nerozli\u0161uje mal\u00e1 a velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena. P\u00edsmo obsahuje 11 samohl\u00e1sek a 40 souhl\u00e1sek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno pro samohl\u00e1sku zachycuje slabiku, v n\u00ed\u017e je zahrnuta implicitn\u00ed samohl\u00e1ska<\/strong>. Pokud m\u00e1 souhl\u00e1ska obsahovat jinou samohl\u00e1sku, ne\u017e je pro ni typick\u00e9, pou\u017eije se speci\u00e1ln\u00ed diakritick\u00e9 znam\u00e9nko zvan\u00e9 vir\u00e1m<\/em><\/strong>. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bno nad, pod, p\u0159ed nebo za samohl\u00e1skou. V jazyce existuj\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e samohl\u00e1sky, kter\u00e9 mohou st\u00e1t na za\u010d\u00e1tku slabiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uk\u00e1zka beng\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho p\u00edsma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: https:\/\/3.imimg.com\/data3\/NN\/IU\/MY-10044795\/bengali-language-translation-services-500×500.png<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beng\u00e1lsk\u00e1 abeceda a jej\u00ed p\u0159epis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: https:\/\/www.virtualbangladesh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/qsb6yb57.bmp<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed styly beng\u00e1l\u0161tiny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Beng\u00e1l\u0161tina m\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti dva liter\u00e1rn\u00ed styly. Jeden se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Sadhubhasa<\/em><\/strong> (elegantn\u00ed jazyk) a druh\u00fd Chaltibhasa<\/em><\/strong>(sou\u010dasn\u00fd jazyk). Prvn\u00ed z nich je tradi\u010dn\u00ed liter\u00e1rn\u00ed styl zalo\u017een\u00fd na jazyku ze 16. stolet\u00ed. Ten pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je prakticky v\u00fdtvorem sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed a je zalo\u017een na kultivovan\u00e9 form\u011b dialektu, kter\u00fdm mluv\u00ed vzd\u011blan\u00ed lid\u00e9 v Kalkat\u011b p\u016fvodn\u011b poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z oblast\u00ed hrani\u010d\u00edc\u00edch s doln\u00edm tokem Hoogly. Rozd\u00edl mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma liter\u00e1rn\u00edmi styly nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 v\u00fdrazn\u00fd a slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soba je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00e1. Rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve tvarech z\u00e1jmen a sloves<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaj\u00edmavosti beng\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho jazyka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Beng\u00e1l\u0161tina je sedm\u00fdm nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edm jazykem na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/strong> a z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u010dtvrt\u00fdm nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm jazykem z hlediska po\u010dtu rodil\u00fdch mluv\u010d\u00edch. Pokud nech\u00e1me stranou angli\u010dtinu, lze tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee je v Indii druh\u00fdm nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm jazykem, hned po hind\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed beng\u00e1l\u0161tiny je nepochybn\u011b\u00a0slovo, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje 3 naprosto jin\u00e9 v\u00fdznamy<\/strong>,\u00a0jim\u017e jsou \u201ej\u00edst\u201c, \u201ep\u00edt\u201c a \u201ekou\u0159it\u201c<\/strong>. Pokud byste tak\u00e9 zaslechli v\u00fdraz \u201etygr je na b\u0159ehu, krokod\u00fdl ve vod\u011b\u201c, nemus\u00edte se b\u00e1t, \u017ee byste byli obkl\u00ed\u010deni nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nebezpe\u010d\u00ed hroz\u00ed z\u00a0obou stran. Tak jako tak je ale dobr\u00e9 m\u00edt se na pozoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky o sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n