{"id":2417,"date":"2025-03-14T17:10:20","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T16:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presto.digiamo.cz\/presto\/?p=2417"},"modified":"2025-07-06T19:19:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T17:19:51","slug":"polstina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/polstina","title":{"rendered":"Pol\u0161tina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kolik toho v\u00edte o jazyce na\u0161ich v\u00fdchodn\u00edch soused\u016f? Zn\u00e1te nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bjak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmavosti o pol\u0161tin\u011b? Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ne, proto\u017ee je tento jazyk \u010dasto nepr\u00e1vem opom\u00edjen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tomto kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku si proto p\u0159edstav\u00edme z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace a zaj\u00edmavosti<\/strong> o polsk\u00e9m jazyce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pol\u0161tina<\/strong><\/a>, neboli j\u0119zyk polski, \u010di polszczyzna, pat\u0159\u00ed mezi z\u00e1padoslovansk\u00e9 jazyky. Do stejn\u00e9 kategorie spadaj\u00ed tak\u00e9\u00a0\u010de\u0161tina<\/a><\/strong>,\u00a0sloven\u0161tina<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0a dal\u0161\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 jazyky. Pol\u0161tina je tedy jazykem slovansk\u00fdm, ale v\u00a0historii p\u0159evzala mnoho slov tak\u00e9 z\u00a0ostatn\u00edch jazy\u016f \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00a0latiny, n\u011bm\u010diny a francouz\u0161tiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Polsk\u00fd jazyk je mate\u0159sk\u00fdm jazykem pro p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b pro 44 milion\u016f lid\u00ed<\/strong>. Tento jazyk se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nejen v Polsku, ale i na \u00fazem\u00edch sousedn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f, kde \u017eije polsk\u00e1 men\u0161ina. Mezi tyto zem\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed Slovensko, Ukrajina, Litva a B\u011blorusko. Polsky se mluv\u00ed tak\u00e9 na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/strong>, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v oblasti T\u011b\u0161\u00ednska<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zaj\u00edmavosti o pol\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Poj\u010fme si p\u0159edstavit p\u00e1r zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed o tomto slovansk\u00e9m jazyce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jazyk EU<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Polsko je \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem EU, tak\u017ee pol\u0161tina je t\u00edm p\u00e1dem unijn\u00edm jazykem. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 fakt, \u017ee v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie je pol\u0161tina nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm slovansk\u00fdm jazykem<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00edsmena<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pol\u0161tina je zapisov\u00e1na latinkou, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se jej\u00ed\u00a0abeceda<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00a032 liter<\/strong>. Vyskytuje se v n\u00ed dev\u011bt neobvykl\u00fdch p\u00edsmen tvo\u0159en\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed diakritick\u00fdch znam\u00e9nek (\u0105, \u0107, \u0119, \u0142, \u0144, \u00f3, \u015b, \u017a, \u017c<\/strong>). D\u00e1le se v p\u00edsmu objevuje sedm sp\u0159e\u017eek tvo\u0159en\u00fdch dv\u011bma znaky (sz, rz, ch, sz, d\u017c, d\u017a<\/strong>) a jedna sp\u0159e\u017eka tvo\u0159en\u00e1 t\u0159emi znaky (dzi<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pol\u0161tina spole\u010dn\u011b s \u010de\u0161tinou pat\u0159\u00ed k slovansk\u00fdm jazyk\u016fm, jsou si tedy v lec\u010dem podobn\u00e9. V\u011bd\u011bli jste t\u0159eba, \u017ee \u0159ada polsk\u00fdch c\u00edrkevn\u00edch slov<\/strong> je velice podobn\u00e1 \u010de\u0161tin\u011b? Je to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli tomu, \u017ee Pol\u00e1ci p\u0159ejali k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed od \u010cech\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po naszymu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

O podobnosti \u010de\u0161tiny a pol\u0161tiny jsme ji\u017e mluvili. Pol\u0161tin\u011b je nejbl\u00ed\u017ee t\u011b\u0161\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0159e\u010d\u00ed “po naszymu”<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1z\u00ed ze staropol\u0161tiny. Jedn\u00e1 se o st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd jazyk, mluv\u00ed se j\u00edm p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve slezsk\u00e9m T\u011b\u0161\u00ednsku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky o sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n