{"id":2390,"date":"2025-03-14T17:02:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T16:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presto.digiamo.cz\/presto\/?p=2390"},"modified":"2025-07-06T16:07:14","modified_gmt":"2025-07-06T14:07:14","slug":"arabstina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/arabstina","title":{"rendered":"Arab\u0161tina"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Arab\u0161tina<\/strong>&nbsp;pat\u0159\u00ed mezi jazyky, kter\u00e9 u&nbsp;n\u00e1s nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obl\u00edben\u00e9, z&nbsp;velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti i&nbsp;pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee jej\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v&nbsp;na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch je sp\u00ed\u0161e minim\u00e1ln\u00ed. T\u0159eba v&nbsp;Asii se ale jedn\u00e1 o&nbsp;jazyk v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, poj\u010fme si tedy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku p\u0159ipomenout alespo\u0148:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>n\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace,<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>p\u00e1r zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se arab\u0161tiny.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-51-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2391\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-51-1024x1024.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-51-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-51-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-51-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-51.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o&nbsp;arab\u0161tin\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"page\/preklady-ar\"><strong>Arab\u0161tina<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0pat\u0159\u00ed do rodiny\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/semitske-jazyky\"><strong>semitsk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f<\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00e9 jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0<strong>severn\u00ed Africe a&nbsp;na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b<\/strong>. Arab\u0161tina samotn\u00e1 pak tvo\u0159\u00ed vlastn\u00ed skupinu v&nbsp;jazyc\u00edch z\u00e1padosemitsk\u00fdch. Jedn\u00e1 se o&nbsp;jazyk pom\u011brn\u011b star\u00fd, nejstar\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1pisy se datuj\u00ed a\u017e do\u00a0<strong>4.&nbsp;stolet\u00ed<\/strong>, a&nbsp;stal se\u00a0<strong>\u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm na v\u0161ech \u00fazem\u00edch, kter\u00e1 dobyli Arabov\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b&nbsp;<strong>250 milion\u016f mluv\u010d\u00edch<\/strong>, to ale nen\u00ed v\u0161e, jeliko\u017e jako&nbsp;<strong>liturgick\u00fd jazyk<\/strong>&nbsp;jej pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 a\u017e miliarda lid\u00ed, zcela logicky se toti\u017e jedn\u00e1 o&nbsp;jazyk&nbsp;<strong>Kor\u00e1nu<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, jako\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/uredni-jazyk\">\u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed jazyk<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0arab\u0161tina figuruje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve st\u00e1tech africk\u00fdch a&nbsp;asijsk\u00fdch, jsou to mimo jin\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Egypt,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ir\u00e1k,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Izrael,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Katar,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Saudsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Som\u00e1lsko,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00fad\u00e1n,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u00fdrie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Arabsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedna z&nbsp;prvn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 lidem p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na mysl ve spojen\u00ed s&nbsp;arab\u0161tinou, je\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arabsk%C3%A9_p%C3%ADsmo\"><strong>arabsk\u00e9 p\u00edsmo<\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e jin\u00e9 p\u00edsmo p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 laik\u016fm rozsypan\u00fd \u010daj \u2013 aby taky ne, kdy\u017e asijsk\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed je pro \u010dajovn\u00edky snad nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00edsmo to nen\u00ed pro n\u00e1s Evropany v\u016fbec jednoduch\u00e9, jeliko\u017e nen\u00ed podobn\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm na\u0161im p\u00edsm\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00ed\u0161e se&nbsp;<strong>zprava doleva<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>nerozli\u0161uje<\/strong>&nbsp;tiskac\u00ed a&nbsp;psac\u00ed p\u00edsmo a&nbsp;stejn\u011b tak ani mal\u00e1 a&nbsp;velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena (p\u0159iznejme si, \u017ee zrovna tento aspekt jazyka bychom u&nbsp;n\u00e1s zajist\u00e9 uv\u00edtali).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arab\u0161tina nav\u00edc&nbsp;<strong>obsahuje \u0159adu n\u00e1m nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch hl\u00e1sek<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;podoba jednotliv\u00fdch p\u00edsmen se li\u0161\u00ed dle sv\u00e9ho postaven\u00ed ve slov\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zaj\u00edmavosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tr\u00e1pit podrobnou arabskou gramatikou a&nbsp;histori\u00ed v\u00e1s rozhodn\u011b nechceme, poj\u010fme se tedy pod\u00edvat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na n\u011bkter\u00e9 zaj\u00edmavosti, kter\u00e9 se jazyka t\u00fdkaj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; M\u00e1lokdo aktivn\u011b ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 spisovnou arab\u0161tinu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak u\u017e to tak b\u00fdv\u00e1, i&nbsp;arab\u0161tina se dle u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bl\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 vrstvy. A&nbsp;je to p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b zrovna spisovn\u00e1 arab\u0161tina \u2013 jazyk Kor\u00e1nu \u2013, kterou aktivn\u011b ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 nejm\u00e9n\u011b lid\u00ed, vlastn\u011b pouze hrstka t\u011bch vzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; V\u00edc \u010d\u00edsel ne\u017e \u010das\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Z arabsk\u00e9 gramatiky si poj\u010fme p\u0159ipomenout jen n\u011bkter\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. Nap\u0159\u00edklad to, \u017ee arab\u0161tina m\u00e1 pouze dva \u010dasy, dva rody a&nbsp;t\u0159i p\u00e1dy, co\u017e je na na\u0161e pom\u011bry pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo. Kompenzuje si to ale t\u0159emi \u010d\u00edsly (singul\u00e1r, du\u00e1l, plur\u00e1l).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 14 zp\u016fsob\u016f l\u00e1sky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ano, je to tak, jak to vypad\u00e1. Arab\u0161tina m\u00e1 a\u017e 14 v\u00fdraz\u016f pro l\u00e1sku, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed v&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti na tom, v&nbsp;jak\u00e9 f\u00e1zi se tento cit nach\u00e1z\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trust in God, but tie up your camel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e1ska ov\u0161em nen\u00ed nic proti velbloud\u016fm, pro kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 arab\u0161tina a\u017e stovky v\u00fdraz\u016f, z&nbsp;nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad i&nbsp;vyd\u011b\u0161en\u00e9ho velblouda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Arab\u0161tina je n\u00e1m bl\u00ed\u017e, ne\u017e si mo\u017en\u00e1 mysl\u00edme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Je to tak, jeliko\u017e v\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/cestina\">\u010de\u0161tin\u011b<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0je slov p\u0159evzat\u00fdch z&nbsp;arab\u0161tiny, cel\u00e1 \u0159ada. T\u0159eba ta n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>alkohol,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cukr,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u017eirafa,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>k\u00e1va,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hav\u00e1rie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky o&nbsp;sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/anglictina\">Angli\u010dtina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/francouzstina\">Francouz\u0161tina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/nemcina\">N\u011bm\u010dina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arab\u0161tina&nbsp;pat\u0159\u00ed mezi jazyky, kter\u00e9 u&nbsp;n\u00e1s nejsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obl\u00edben\u00e9, z&nbsp;velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti i&nbsp;pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee jej\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed v&nbsp;na\u0161ich kon\u010din\u00e1ch je sp\u00ed\u0161e minim\u00e1ln\u00ed. T\u0159eba v&nbsp;Asii se ale jedn\u00e1 o&nbsp;jazyk v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, poj\u010fme si tedy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku p\u0159ipomenout alespo\u0148: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed informace o&nbsp;arab\u0161tin\u011b Arab\u0161tina\u00a0pat\u0159\u00ed do rodiny\u00a0semitsk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v\u00a0severn\u00ed Africe a&nbsp;na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. Arab\u0161tina samotn\u00e1 pak tvo\u0159\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slovnik-pojmu"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2390"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2390\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8560,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2390\/revisions\/8560"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}