Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi jazyky, o nich\u017e toho sp\u00ed\u0161e moc (nebo taky nic) nev\u00edme. Mnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s jej dokonce mohou podez\u00edrat z toho, \u017ee neexistuje. Koneckonc\u016f afrik\u00e1n\u0161tina zn\u00ed jako amerik\u00e1n\u0161tina nebo asij\u0161tina\u2026 a takov\u00e9 jazyky samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neexistuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Je to pravda, ov\u0161em krom\u011b t\u00e9 afrik\u00e1n\u0161tiny \u2013 ta toti\u017e existuje<\/strong>. Nev\u011b\u0159\u00edte? Tak se poj\u010fte do\u010d\u00edst v\u00edce v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, kde v\u00e1m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z \u00favodu je snad jasn\u00e9, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o jazyk. Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b zde mluv\u00edme o z\u00e1padogerm\u00e1nsk\u00e9m jazyce<\/strong>, jen\u017e se v 17. stolet\u00ed<\/strong>za\u010dal vyv\u00edjet z nizozem\u0161tiny<\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00e9 se tak\u00e9 nejv\u00edce podob\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Vliv na v\u00fdvoj jazyka d\u00e1le m\u011bla\u00a0n\u011bm\u010dina<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0angli\u010dtina<\/a><\/strong>,\u00a0portugal\u0161tina<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0nebo africk\u00e9 jazyky. Jako\u00a0samostatn\u00fd spisovn\u00fd jazyk<\/strong>byla afrik\u00e1n\u0161tina ustanovena ve\u00a02. polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b afrik\u00e1nsky mluv\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7 milion\u016f lid\u00ed<\/strong>, jako jeden z \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edch jazyk\u016f je afrik\u00e1n\u0161tina uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice<\/strong> (od roku 1925), d\u00e1le je pak 2. jazykem v\u011bt\u0161iny obyvatel Namibie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tento jazyk<\/a><\/strong> v \u017eivot\u011b sp\u00ed\u0161e neu\u017eijeme, nebudeme proto d\u00e1le zab\u00edhat do podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch informac\u00ed o n\u011bm. V z\u00e1v\u011bru bychom cht\u011bli zm\u00ednit pouze p\u00e1r informac\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s t\u00edmto jazykem, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m p\u0159i\u0161ly zaj\u00edmav\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V naprost\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b jazyk\u016f (minim\u00e1ln\u011b tedy v jejich spisovn\u00fdch variant\u00e1ch) to funguje tak, \u017ee z\u00e1por ve v\u011bt\u011b je zkr\u00e1tka jen jeden, jeliko\u017e dva by se navz\u00e1jem ru\u0161ily. Afrik\u00e1n\u0161tina v\u0161ak dva z\u00e1pory umo\u017e\u0148uje<\/strong>. \u017de by \u0161lo o jazyk v\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch odm\u00edta\u010d\u016f?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Afrik\u00e1n\u0161tina nem\u00e1 p\u00e1dy, rody podstatn\u00fdch jmen\u2026. a tak\u00e9 nerozli\u0161uje slovesn\u00e9 tvary<\/strong>. Sloveso m\u00e1 zkr\u00e1tka jedin\u00fd nem\u011bnn\u00fd tvar. Nebylo by skv\u011bl\u00e9 u\u010dit se gramatiku takov\u00e9ho jazyka?<\/p>\n\n\n\n To je jin\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro antilopu srn\u010d\u00ed, jednoho z nejrychlej\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f antilop, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed Africe. Je v\u00e1m slovo rhebok pov\u011bdom\u00e9? M\u00e1 to sv\u016fj d\u016fvod, jeliko\u017e pr\u00e1v\u011b podle t\u00e9to antilopy si vybrala n\u00e1zev americk\u00e1 sportovn\u00ed zna\u010dka Reebok<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tu<\/a> zde zmi\u0148ujeme proto, \u017ee obsahuje hned n\u011bkolik jazyk\u016f<\/strong> \u2013 xho\u0161tinu, zulu\u0161tinu, sesoth\u0161tinu, angli\u010dtinu a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b afrik\u00e1n\u0161tinu. I v r\u00e1mci uk\u00e1zky jazyka p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1me pr\u00e1v\u011b afrik\u00e1nskou sloku s p\u0159ekladem do angli\u010dtiny<\/p>\n\n\n\n Uit die blou van onse hemel,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Uit die diepte van ons see,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Oor ons ewige gebergtes,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n War die kranse antwoord gee.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ringing out from our blue heavens<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n From the depth of your seas<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Over our everlasting mountains<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Where the echoing crags resound<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi jazyky, o nich\u017e toho sp\u00ed\u0161e moc (nebo taky nic) nev\u00edme. Mnoz\u00ed z n\u00e1s jej dokonce mohou podez\u00edrat z toho, \u017ee neexistuje. Koneckonc\u016f afrik\u00e1n\u0161tina zn\u00ed jako amerik\u00e1n\u0161tina nebo asij\u0161tina\u2026 a takov\u00e9 jazyky samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neexistuj\u00ed. Je to pravda, ov\u0161em krom\u011b t\u00e9 afrik\u00e1n\u0161tiny \u2013 ta toti\u017e existuje. Nev\u011b\u0159\u00edte? Tak se poj\u010fte do\u010d\u00edst v\u00edce v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku, kde v\u00e1m: Co je afrik\u00e1n\u0161tina? Z \u00favodu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2896,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slovnik-pojmu"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2365"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8540,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2365\/revisions\/8540"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
Co je afrik\u00e1n\u0161tina?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Zaj\u00edmavosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Dvojit\u00fd z\u00e1por<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Neur\u010dit\u00fd tvar slovesa = ur\u010dit\u00fd tvar slovesa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Grey rhebok<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Hymna Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky o sv\u011btov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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