{"id":2323,"date":"2025-03-14T14:50:51","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T13:50:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presto.digiamo.cz\/presto\/?p=2323"},"modified":"2025-07-05T16:50:41","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T14:50:41","slug":"tlumocnik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/tlumocnik","title":{"rendered":"Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>S&nbsp;n\u011bjak\u00fdm&nbsp;<a href=\"page\/tlumoceni\"><strong>tlumo\u010dn\u00edkem<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u011bkdy setkal. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tedy ne osobn\u011b, vcelku \u010dasto lze ale n\u011bjak\u00e9ho zaregistrovat t\u0159eba v&nbsp;televizi. Je tedy asi jasn\u00e9, co je jeho n\u00e1pln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, p\u0159esto se poj\u010fme t\u00e9to profesi na chv\u00edli v\u011bnovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se na to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>jak\u00fd je\u00a0<strong>rozd\u00edl mezi tlumo\u010dn\u00edkem a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/prace-prekladatele\">p\u0159ekladatelem<\/a><\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>kde<\/strong>&nbsp;je tlumo\u010dn\u00edka obvykle zapot\u0159eb\u00ed,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>kdo&nbsp;<\/strong>m\u016f\u017ee pr\u00e1ci tlumo\u010dn\u00edka vykon\u00e1vat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"826\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-18-826x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-18-826x1024.png 826w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-18-242x300.png 242w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-18-768x952.png 768w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-18.png 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 826px) 100vw, 826px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk x p\u0159ekladatel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk, p\u0159ekladatel\u2026 je v&nbsp;tom rozd\u00edl? Oba p\u0159eci d\u011blaj\u00ed to sam\u00e9. Je pravda, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1pln\u011b pr\u00e1ce je jim spole\u010dn\u00e1 \u2013&nbsp;<strong>oba n\u011bco p\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed<\/strong>. T\u00edm ale podobnost mezi nimi kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ekladatel toti\u017e p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>texty<\/strong>, zat\u00edmco tlumo\u010dn\u00edk se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na&nbsp;<strong>\u00fastn\u00ed projev<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. P\u0159ekladatel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ekladatel tedy pracuje&nbsp;<strong>d\u00e9le<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;sp\u00ed\u0161e&nbsp;<strong>s\u00e1m<\/strong>, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se mu hod\u00ed znalost&nbsp;<strong>zejm\u00e9na psan\u00e9ho jazyka<\/strong>, ide\u00e1ln\u011b i&nbsp;um\u011bleck\u00e9ho \u010di odborn\u00e9ho funk\u010dn\u00edho stylu \u2013 to u\u017e se pak odv\u00edj\u00ed od jeho zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. M\u011bl by p\u0159ekl\u00e1dat co nejp\u0159esn\u011bji a&nbsp;z\u00e1rove\u0148 se sna\u017eit dodr\u017eet i&nbsp;formu textu \u2013 pokusit se tedy nap\u0159. zachovat co nejv\u00edce um\u011bleck\u00fdch prvk\u016f p\u0159i&nbsp;<a href=\"page\/preklady\"><strong>p\u0159ekladu<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;poezie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk pracuje ve&nbsp;<strong>st\u0159edu d\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;jeho slu\u017eeb je zpravidla pot\u0159eba&nbsp;<strong>hned<\/strong>. M\u011bl by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b tak\u00e9 disponovat velmi dobrou znalost\u00ed jazyka, nav\u00edc by m\u011bl ale zvl\u00e1dat i&nbsp;<strong>\u00fastn\u00ed projev<\/strong>. Jeho p\u0159eklad&nbsp;<strong>nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy tak p\u0159esn\u00fd<\/strong>, m\u011bl by ale co nejl\u00e9pe vyj\u00e1d\u0159it j\u00e1dro v\u011bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kde je tlumo\u010dn\u00edk pot\u0159ebn\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk\u016f je obvykle pot\u0159eba na kulturn\u00edch&nbsp;<strong>akc\u00edch<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konferenc\u00edch<\/strong>&nbsp;\u010di r\u016fzn\u00fdch&nbsp;<strong>ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech<\/strong>(svatba, soud\u2026). Mohou pracovat i&nbsp;jako&nbsp;<strong>tlumo\u010dn\u00edci osobn\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk tlumo\u010d\u00ed&nbsp;<strong>z&nbsp;ciz\u00edch jazyk\u016f zpravidla do sv\u00e9 mate\u0159\u0161tiny<\/strong>&nbsp;(p\u0159\u00edp. jin\u00e9ho domluven\u00e9ho jazyka), existuje ale i&nbsp;typ tlumo\u010dn\u00edka, kter\u00fd&nbsp;<strong>tlumo\u010d\u00ed mluvenou \u0159e\u010d do znakov\u00e9ho jazyka<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 takov\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme zahl\u00e9dnout v&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch televizn\u00edch po\u0159adech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud to zobecn\u00edme, m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee tlumo\u010dn\u00edci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed metody pr\u00e1ce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>konsekutivn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 n\u00e1sledn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.&nbsp;<a href=\"page\/simultanni-tlumoceni\">Simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b&nbsp;<a href=\"page\/tlumoceni-simultanni\"><strong>prvn\u00ed metody<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edka&nbsp;<strong>sp\u00ed\u0161e neuvid\u00edme<\/strong>, zpravidla toti\u017e p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 z&nbsp;tzv.&nbsp;<strong>tlumo\u010dnick\u00e9 kabiny<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;hovo\u0159\u00ed soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s&nbsp;origin\u00e1ln\u00edm mluv\u010d\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S&nbsp;t\u00edmto typem se m\u016f\u017eeme mimo jin\u00e9 setkat u&nbsp;<strong>p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch p\u0159enos\u016f<\/strong>&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00fdch v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed \u2013 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 svatba, p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Oscar\u016f atp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00fdhodou soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho tlumo\u010den\u00ed je, \u017ee se&nbsp;<strong>ud\u00e1lost neprodlou\u017e\u00ed o&nbsp;\u010das na n\u00e1slednou promluvu tlumo\u010dn\u00edka<\/strong>. &nbsp;Nev\u00fdhodou pak je, \u017ee ne v\u017edy se to dob\u0159e poslouch\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.&nbsp;<a href=\"page\/konsekutivni-tlumoceni\">Konsekutivn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"page\/tlumoceni-konsekutivni\"><strong>Druh\u00e1 metoda<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;u\u017e&nbsp;<strong>vy\u017eaduje p\u0159\u00edtomnost<\/strong>&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edka ve st\u0159edu d\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 toti\u017e \u0159e\u010d mluv\u010d\u00edho&nbsp;<strong>po ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u00fasec\u00edch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se tak mimo jin\u00e9 p\u0159i&nbsp;<strong>obchodn\u00edch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch<\/strong>&nbsp;nebo na men\u0161\u00edch&nbsp;<strong>p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161k\u00e1ch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento zp\u016fsob je rozhodn\u011b&nbsp;<strong>p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na poslouch\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>, na druhou stranu se ale m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t, \u017ee si v\u00edce pozornosti z\u00edsk\u00e1 tlumo\u010dn\u00edk ne\u017e origin\u00e1ln\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed. A&nbsp;tak\u00e9 je pot\u00e9 ud\u00e1lost&nbsp;<strong>\u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdo m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tlumo\u010dn\u00edkem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mus\u00ed m\u00edt tlumo\u010dn\u00edk vysokou \u0161kolu? Jazykov\u00fd certifik\u00e1t? Bilingvn\u00ed p\u016fvod? To jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z&nbsp;ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s mo\u017en\u00e1 ve spojitosti s&nbsp;t\u00edmto povol\u00e1n\u00edm mohou napadnout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nikde&nbsp;<strong>nen\u00ed pevn\u011b d\u00e1na kvalifikace<\/strong>, jakou by m\u011bl ka\u017ed\u00fd tlumo\u010dn\u00edk m\u00edt, to v&nbsp;kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom,&nbsp;<strong>kde a&nbsp;pro koho bude tlumo\u010dit<\/strong>.&nbsp; P\u0159esto je pochopiteln\u00e9, \u017ee vysoko\u0161kolsky vzd\u011blan\u00fd jedinec m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit profesion\u00e1ln\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jsou ale zejm\u00e9na&nbsp;<strong>vlastnosti<\/strong>, kter\u00e9 by takov\u00e9mu \u010dlov\u011bku m\u011bly b\u00fdt vlastn\u00ed. Ty si te\u010f p\u0159ipomeneme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Jazykov\u00e1 zdatnost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zmi\u0148ovat, \u017ee tlumo\u010dn\u00edk by m\u011bl dob\u0159e ovl\u00e1dat jazyk (jak ciz\u00ed, tak i&nbsp;ten mate\u0159sk\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edp. ten, do kter\u00e9ho p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1), je mo\u017en\u00e1 zbyte\u010dn\u00e9. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b&nbsp;<strong>by m\u011bl ovl\u00e1dat oba jazyky<\/strong>, a&nbsp;to na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzhledem k&nbsp;tomu, \u017ee&nbsp;<strong>p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 mluven\u00fd projev, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje okam\u017eitou reakci<\/strong>, si rozhodn\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee dovolit chvilku na to, aby si p\u0159elo\u017eil slov\u00ed\u010dka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nutno ale znovu podotknout, \u017ee&nbsp;<strong>tlumo\u010dnictv\u00ed nevy\u017eaduje takovou p\u0159esnost jako p\u0159ekladatelstv\u00ed<\/strong>. To se na prvn\u00ed pohled m\u016f\u017ee jevit jako v\u00fdhoda, nemus\u00ed to tak ale v\u017edy b\u00fdt. Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk toti\u017e&nbsp;<strong>mus\u00ed vyfiltrovat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;sd\u011blen\u00ed podat tak, aby bylo&nbsp;<strong>v\u0161e co nejl\u00e9pe pochopeno<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 a&nbsp;tam ob\u010das p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ta prav\u00e1 legrace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. V\u0161eobecn\u00fd p\u0159ehled<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e1le se tlumo\u010dn\u00edk neobejde bez v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho p\u0159ehledu, proto\u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b&nbsp;<strong>velmi \u0161patn\u011b se p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u011bco, \u010demu \u010dlov\u011bk nerozum\u00ed<\/strong>. Ostatn\u011b bez pov\u011bdom\u00ed o&nbsp;tom, co se aktu\u00e1ln\u011b d\u011bje, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt \u010dlov\u011bk&nbsp;<strong>probl\u00e9m porozum\u011bt i&nbsp;v&nbsp;mate\u0159sk\u00e9m jazyce<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hod\u00ed se zkr\u00e1tka&nbsp;<strong>v\u011bd\u011bt v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b o&nbsp;v\u0161em n\u011bco<\/strong>. V&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti na tlumo\u010den\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti rozhodn\u011b neu\u0161kod\u00ed ani&nbsp;<strong>orientace v&nbsp;t\u00e9 dan\u00e9 tematice<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 tlumo\u010dit l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ku a&nbsp;neznat ani z\u00e1kladn\u00ed term\u00edny je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm nevhodn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Schopnost projevu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk je&nbsp;<strong>\u010dasto vid\u011bt a&nbsp;v\u017edy sly\u0161et<\/strong>, je proto nutnost\u00ed i&nbsp;<strong>jist\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 po str\u00e1nce vyjad\u0159ovac\u00ed a&nbsp;reprezentativn\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Publikum zkr\u00e1tka mus\u00ed p\u0159ekladu rozum\u011bt. A&nbsp;j\u00edt tlumo\u010dit na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konferenci v&nbsp;tepl\u00e1c\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt za n\u00e1sledek t\u0159eba i&nbsp;to, \u017ee konference bude pro tlumo\u010dn\u00edka posledn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Improvizace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u0161ech akc\u00ed mohou nastat r\u016fzn\u00e9 situace, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ne v\u0161echny jsou p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 a&nbsp;snadn\u00e9. Um\u011bn\u00ed improvizace je tak v\u00edce ne\u017e&nbsp;<strong>nutnost\u00ed<\/strong>. Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk mus\u00ed nap\u0159. spr\u00e1vn\u011b odhadnout, zda p\u0159ekl\u00e1dat i&nbsp;nad\u00e1vky a&nbsp;jin\u00e1 nevhodn\u00e1 slova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce tlumo\u010dn\u00edka je&nbsp;<strong>n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 kv\u016fli znalosti jazyka, po\u017eadovan\u00fdm znalostem i&nbsp;v\u011bdom\u00ed toho, \u017ee lid\u00e9 se d\u00edvaj\u00ed a&nbsp;poslouchaj\u00ed. Nav\u00edc to rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed ona klasick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce od 7 do 15 hodin, kde zkr\u00e1tka sta\u010d\u00ed nasadit autopilota a&nbsp;p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt den.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud tedy o&nbsp;pr\u00e1ci uva\u017eujete,&nbsp;<strong>d\u016fkladn\u011b zva\u017ete, zda jste opravdu vhodn\u00ed<\/strong>. Nem\u00e1te-li opravdu kladn\u00fd vztah k&nbsp;jazyk\u016fm a&nbsp;lidem, pak s&nbsp;nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed nejste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pokud se nach\u00e1z\u00edte v&nbsp;opa\u010dn\u00e9 pozici a&nbsp;pot\u0159ebujete si n\u011bjak\u00e9ho tlumo\u010dn\u00edka najmout,&nbsp;<strong>pak zase velmi d\u016fkladn\u011b hledejte a&nbsp;dbejte na doporu\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>. \u0160patn\u00fd tlumo\u010dn\u00edk by m\u011bl na sv\u011bdom\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed a&nbsp;z&nbsp;toho u\u017e pak plyne jen spousta nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdch n\u00e1sledk\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S&nbsp;n\u011bjak\u00fdm&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edkem&nbsp;se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u011bkdy setkal. Mo\u017en\u00e1 tedy ne osobn\u011b, vcelku \u010dasto lze ale n\u011bjak\u00e9ho zaregistrovat t\u0159eba v&nbsp;televizi. Je tedy asi jasn\u00e9, co je jeho n\u00e1pln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, p\u0159esto se poj\u010fme t\u00e9to profesi na chv\u00edli v\u011bnovat. Pod\u00edv\u00e1me se na to: Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk x p\u0159ekladatel Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk, p\u0159ekladatel\u2026 je v&nbsp;tom rozd\u00edl? Oba p\u0159eci d\u011blaj\u00ed to sam\u00e9. Je pravda, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3094,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slovnik-pojmu"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2323"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8515,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2323\/revisions\/8515"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3094"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}