{"id":2313,"date":"2025-03-14T14:47:05","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T13:47:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presto.digiamo.cz\/presto\/?p=2313"},"modified":"2025-06-30T18:04:33","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T16:04:33","slug":"retour","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/retour","title":{"rendered":"Retour"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Retour ozna\u010duje\u00a0<strong>typ simult\u00e1nn\u00edho tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m tlumo\u010dn\u00edk p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed nejen ciz\u00ed jazyk do jazyka rodn\u00e9ho, ale tak\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u011b, \u010dili\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto-skola.cz\/blog\/matersky-jazyk\"><strong>mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyka<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0do jazyka nau\u010den\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je retour?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e1ce tlumo\u010dn\u00edka b\u011b\u017en\u011b spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ciz\u00edho jazyka do jazyka mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho. Pokud ov\u0161em tlumo\u010dn\u00edk ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 ciz\u00ed jazyk na \u00farovni mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho, m\u016f\u017ee jazyky tlumo\u010dit i\u00a0obr\u00e1cen\u011b. Francouzsk\u00fdm term\u00ednem retour (v&nbsp;p\u0159ekladu\u00a0<em>n\u00e1vrat<\/em>) tedy ozna\u010dujeme\u00a0<a href=\"page\/simultanni-tlumoceni\"><strong>simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e\u00a0<strong>tlumo\u010dn\u00edk\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed sv\u016fj rodn\u00fd jazyk do jazyka nau\u010den\u00e9ho<\/strong>. Tato forma tlumo\u010den\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b p\u0159i kabinov\u00e9m tlumo\u010den\u00ed na velk\u00fdch konferenc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Na jak\u00e9 \u00farovni je nutn\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dat ciz\u00ed jazyk pro retour?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed znaj\u00ed druh\u00fd jazyk natolik dob\u0159e, \u017ee jsou schopni do n\u011bj tlumo\u010dit, nen\u00ed mnoho. Retour toti\u017e vy\u017eaduje perfektn\u00ed znalost v\u0161ech rovin nau\u010den\u00e9ho jazyka, n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f a&nbsp;jemn\u00fdch v\u00fdznamov\u00fdch nuanc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Podle Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed asociace konferen\u010dn\u00edch tlumo\u010dn\u00edk\u016f (AIIC \u2013 International Association of Conference Interpreters)&nbsp;<strong>rozd\u011blujeme&nbsp;<a href=\"page\/tlumoceni\">tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/a>&nbsp;na jazyky&nbsp;A, B a&nbsp;C, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e prvn\u00ed dva jsou aktivn\u00ed a&nbsp;posledn\u00ed je pasivn\u00ed.<\/strong>&nbsp;Aktivn\u00ed jazyky&nbsp;(A&nbsp;i&nbsp;B) jsou ty, do kter\u00fdch tlumo\u010dn\u00edk p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed jazyk, zat\u00edmco&nbsp;pasivn\u00ed jazyky&nbsp;(C) jsou ty, ze kter\u00fdch pouze tlumo\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kategorie jazyk\u016f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kategorie jazyk\u016f jsou rozd\u011bleny n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jazyky A:<\/strong>&nbsp;Do t\u00e9to kategorie \u0159ad\u00edme&nbsp;mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edka nebo ciz\u00ed jazyk na \u00farovni rodn\u00e9ho jazyka, do kter\u00e9ho tlumo\u010d\u00ed ze v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch jazyk\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jazyky B:<\/strong>&nbsp;Do t\u00e9to skupiny spadaj\u00ed aktivn\u00ed jazyky, do kter\u00fdch tlumo\u010dn\u00edk p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed zpravidla&nbsp;pouze \u0159e\u010d z&nbsp;jazyka A, a&nbsp;kter\u00e9 dokonale ovl\u00e1d\u00e1, p\u0159esto\u017ee nejsou jeho mate\u0159sk\u00fdm jazykem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Jazyk C:<\/strong>\u00a0Posledn\u00ed kategorie ozna\u010duje\u00a0pasivn\u00ed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/uredni-jazyk\">jazyky<\/a><\/strong>, tedy takov\u00e9, kter\u00fdm tlumo\u010dn\u00edk pln\u011b rozum\u00ed, ale pouze je tlumo\u010d\u00ed do jazyk\u016f, kter\u00fd ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 aktivn\u011b (A, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b B).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd tlumo\u010dn\u00edk mus\u00ed v\u017edy perfektn\u011b ovl\u00e1dat sv\u016fj mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyk (jazyk A), a&nbsp;d\u00e1le pln\u011b rozum\u011bt jin\u00e9mu jazyku alespo\u0148 na pasivn\u00ed \u00farovni (jazyk C). Pokud ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 i&nbsp;jazyk B, m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt zp\u011btn\u00fd p\u0159evod jazyka.&nbsp;P\u0159evod jazyka B do jazyka A&nbsp;tedy ozna\u010dujeme jako retour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V&nbsp;\u010dem je retour nejv\u00edce obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e se tlumo\u010dn\u00edci \u0159adu let u\u010d\u00ed ciz\u00ed jazyk, mohou m\u00edt tendenci se domn\u00edvat, \u017ee se toho nau\u010dili dost na to, aby pochopili ve\u0161ker\u00fd obsah sd\u011blen\u00ed. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed bohat\u00e9 slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje plnohodnotn\u011b komunikovat s&nbsp;ostatn\u00edmi, vede k&nbsp;tomu, \u017ee lidsk\u00fd mozek usoud\u00ed, \u017ee u\u017e nic v\u00edc nepot\u0159ebuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To je chv\u00edle, kdy doty\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 hledat slova ve slovn\u00edku. A&nbsp;pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli tomu je <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/druhy-tlumoceni\">tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/a><\/strong> technikou retour obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. \u0158\u00edct, co m\u016f\u017eete \u0159\u00edkat, nen\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e, jako \u0159\u00edkat, co mus\u00edte \u0159\u00edkat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0158e\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee b\u011bhem projevu zrychlit sv\u016fj projev nebo bez varov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bnit t\u00e9ma. M\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad pron\u00e9st vtip \u010di zm\u011bnit registr \u0159e\u010di. To v\u0161e je nutn\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b a&nbsp;bez chyby p\u0159ev\u00e9st do nau\u010den\u00e9ho jazyka. Zvy\u0161uje se t\u00edm celkov\u00e1 n\u00e1ro\u010dnost tlumo\u010den\u00ed a&nbsp;s&nbsp;n\u00edm i&nbsp;riziko p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mozku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 retour?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Retour je technika simult\u00e1nn\u00edho kabinov\u00e9ho tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>, proto v\u017edy prob\u00edh\u00e1 ve speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kabin\u011b, aby se jednotliv\u00fd tlumo\u010dn\u00edci mezi sebou neru\u0161ili. Tyto kabiny se z&nbsp;t\u00e9ho\u017e d\u016fvodu v\u017edy um\u00eds\u0165uj\u00ed d\u00e1le od publika i&nbsp;mluv\u010d\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e9 kabin\u011b jsou zpravidla&nbsp;<strong>2 tlumo\u010dn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed po 30 minut\u00e1ch<\/strong>, jeliko\u017e simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na pak formou retour, je velmi n\u00e1ro\u010dnou discipl\u00ednou a&nbsp;vy\u017eaduje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u011bnost. Pokud by jeden tlumo\u010dn\u00edk tlumo\u010dil d\u00e9le ne\u017e 45 minut, utrp\u011bla by t\u00edm kvalita p\u0159ekladu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;kabin\u011b m\u00e1 tlumo\u010dn\u00edk k&nbsp;dispozici techniku sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ze sluch\u00e1tek a&nbsp;mikrofonu, pomoc\u00ed n\u00ed\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d do c\u00edlov\u00e9ho jazyka pro ur\u010ditou \u010d\u00e1st \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f konference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kdy se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tlumo\u010den\u00ed technikou retour?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed formou retour se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na&nbsp;<strong>velk\u00fdch konferenc\u00edch, b\u011bhem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch kongres\u016f, semin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ek, jedn\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00fdch skupin \u010di mana\u017eer\u016f nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch korporac\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento typ tlumo\u010den\u00ed se nej\u010dast\u011bji uplat\u0148uje na setk\u00e1n\u00edch, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed relaci ot\u00e1zek a&nbsp;odpov\u011bd\u00ed. Retour je zejm\u00e9na u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159enos\u016f exotick\u00e9ho nebo vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho jazyka do zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i konferen\u010dn\u00edm tlumo\u010den\u00ed se projedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed informace a&nbsp;chyby nebo omyly rozhodn\u011b nejsou v\u00edt\u00e1ny. Proto je v\u017edy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e9ho tlumo\u010dn\u00edka byste si pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situaci m\u011bli najmout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>V&nbsp;na\u0161\u00ed agentu\u0159e spolupracujeme v\u00fdhradn\u011b se zku\u0161en\u00fdmi&nbsp;a&nbsp;prov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi tlumo\u010dn\u00edky a&nbsp;r\u00e1di v\u00e1m zajist\u00edme setk\u00e1n\u00ed s&nbsp;va\u0161\u00edm tlumo\u010dn\u00edkem p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e prob\u011bhne samotn\u00e1 akce. M\u00e1te-li z\u00e1jem o&nbsp;retour nebo jin\u00e9 druhy tlumo\u010den\u00ed, i&nbsp;jak\u00e9koli dotazy,&nbsp;<a href=\"page\/kontakt\">nev\u00e1hejte n\u00e1s kontaktovat<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Retour ozna\u010duje\u00a0typ simult\u00e1nn\u00edho tlumo\u010den\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m tlumo\u010dn\u00edk p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed nejen ciz\u00ed jazyk do jazyka rodn\u00e9ho, ale tak\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u011b, \u010dili\u00a0mate\u0159sk\u00fd jazyka\u00a0do jazyka nau\u010den\u00e9ho. Co je retour? Pr\u00e1ce tlumo\u010dn\u00edka b\u011b\u017en\u011b spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00a0p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ciz\u00edho jazyka do jazyka mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho. Pokud ov\u0161em tlumo\u010dn\u00edk ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 ciz\u00ed jazyk na \u00farovni mate\u0159sk\u00e9ho, m\u016f\u017ee jazyky tlumo\u010dit i\u00a0obr\u00e1cen\u011b. Francouzsk\u00fdm term\u00ednem retour (v&nbsp;p\u0159ekladu\u00a0n\u00e1vrat) tedy ozna\u010dujeme\u00a0simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed, p\u0159i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3079,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slovnik-pojmu"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2313"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8369,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2313\/revisions\/8369"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2313"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2313"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2313"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}