{"id":2293,"date":"2025-03-14T14:39:01","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T13:39:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presto.digiamo.cz\/presto\/?p=2293"},"modified":"2025-11-27T18:40:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-27T17:40:08","slug":"druhy-tlumoceni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/druhy-tlumoceni","title":{"rendered":"Druhy tlumo\u010den\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Tlumo\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje \u00fastn\u00ed formu p\u0159ekladu, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje&nbsp;<strong>mezijazykovou komunikaci v&nbsp;re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase<\/strong>. P\u0159i tomto procesu tlumo\u010dn\u00edk opakuje v&nbsp;jednom jazyce to, co mluv\u010d\u00ed \u0159ekl v&nbsp;jazyce jin\u00e9m. Tlumo\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u0161ak r\u016fzn\u00e9 podoby&nbsp;<strong>v&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti na kontextu<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na ka\u017ed\u00fd typ akce, kde je pot\u0159eba vyu\u017e\u00edt <strong>tlumo\u010dnick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb<\/strong>, se hod\u00ed jin\u00fd typ tlumo\u010den\u00ed. Jednotliv\u00e9 druhy tlumo\u010den\u00ed se tak\u00e9 li\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebnou&nbsp;<strong>tlumo\u010dnickou technikou<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;vybavenost\u00ed tlumo\u010dn\u00edka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tlumo\u010den\u00ed v&nbsp;prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b d\u011bl\u00edme na&nbsp;<strong>dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy<\/strong>, pod n\u011b\u017e spadaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed druhy tlumo\u010den\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/konsekutivni-tlumoceni\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/konsekutivni-tlumoceni\"><strong>konsekutivn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/simultanni-tlumoceni\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/simultanni-tlumoceni\"><strong>simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Konsekutivn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Konsekutivn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed&nbsp;je tzv. n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 tlumo\u010den\u00ed. V&nbsp;praxi prob\u00edh\u00e1 tak, \u017ee \u0159e\u010dn\u00edk nejprve dokon\u010d\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fd \u00fasek proslovu a&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edk jej a\u017e pot\u00e9 za pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch pozn\u00e1mek p\u0159etlumo\u010d\u00ed.&nbsp;<strong>\u0158e\u010dn\u00edk a&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edk se tedy st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed po n\u011bkolika v\u011bt\u00e1ch<\/strong>. V&nbsp;tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je tud\u00ed\u017e nutn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtat s&nbsp;del\u0161\u00ed \u010dasovou rezervou (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o&nbsp;30 a\u017e 40&nbsp;% \u010dasu nav\u00edc), nebo\u0165 poslucha\u010di usly\u0161\u00ed cel\u00fd projev dvakr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pro konsekutivn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed nen\u00ed krom\u011b mikrofonu nutn\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 tlumo\u010dnick\u00e1 technika<\/strong>. Z&nbsp;tohoto d\u016fvod\u016f je tento druh tlumo\u010den\u00ed vhodn\u00fd v&nbsp;situac\u00edch, kdy nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zajistit simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed, nebo pokud je situace vy\u017eaduje&nbsp;<strong>bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed kontakt s&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edkem<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typicky se konsekutivn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i&nbsp;<strong>doprovodu delegac\u00ed<\/strong>, na obchodn\u00edch setk\u00e1n\u00edch, na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161k\u00e1ch a&nbsp;semin\u00e1\u0159\u00edch nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i v\u00fdrobn\u00edm provozu. Mezi konsekutivn\u00ed typ tlumo\u010den\u00ed d\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00ed\u017ee uveden\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Doprovodn\u00e9 tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento druh tlumo\u010den\u00ed se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na pro\u00a0<strong>obchodn\u00ed cesty a&nbsp;obchodn\u00ed sch\u016fzky<\/strong>. Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk v\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b doprov\u00e1z\u00ed klienta, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 mu s\u00a0orientac\u00ed v\u00a0cizojazy\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed a\u00a0<strong>je mu z\u00e1rove\u0148 pr\u016fvodcem<\/strong>\u00a0na cel\u00e9 akci nebo po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch ud\u00e1lostech.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/tlumoceni-doprovodne\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2297\"><strong>Doprovodn\u00e9 tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0je vhodn\u00e9 pro mal\u00e9 skupiny do 4 osob.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Soudn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/tlumoceni-soudni\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"2305\"><strong>Soudn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt pouze\u00a0<strong>soudn\u00ed tlumo\u010dn\u00edk<\/strong>\u00a0jmenovan\u00fd krajsk\u00fdm soudem. Krom\u011b soudu je\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/soudni-tlumoceni\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1860\"><strong>tento druh tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0vy\u017eadov\u00e1n p\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00fa\u0159adech, na svatb\u00e1ch nebo nap\u0159\u00edklad u&nbsp;policejn\u00edch v\u00fdslech\u016f. Soudn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech prob\u00edhat rovn\u011b\u017e simult\u00e1nn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Simult\u00e1nn\u00edmu tlumo\u010den\u00ed&nbsp;se rovn\u011b\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>soub\u011b\u017en\u00e9 tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>. P\u0159i simult\u00e1nn\u00edm tlumo\u010den\u00ed tak hovo\u0159\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed i&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edk z\u00e1rove\u0148, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje&nbsp;<strong>p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159evod jednoho jazyka<\/strong>&nbsp;do druh\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tento druh tlumo\u010den\u00ed je vhodn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na pro&nbsp;<strong>akce s&nbsp;odborn\u00fdm obsahem<\/strong>. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se zejm\u00e9na na&nbsp;<strong>mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konferenc\u00edch<\/strong>, kde nevznik\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 prodleva a&nbsp;deleg\u00e1ti mohou poslouchat projev v&nbsp;p\u016fvodn\u00edm zn\u011bn\u00ed spolu s&nbsp;tlumo\u010den\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;souvislosti s&nbsp;konferencemi hovo\u0159\u00edme o&nbsp;\u010dist\u00e9 form\u011b simult\u00e1nn\u00edho tlumo\u010den\u00ed, zvan\u00e9ho kabinov\u00e9 tlumo\u010den\u00ed. Pro jin\u00e9 situace lze vyu\u017e\u00edt druhou formu simult\u00e1nn\u00edho tlumo\u010den\u00ed, tzv. \u0161u\u0161ot\u00e1\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Kabinov\u00e9 tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"page\/tlumoceni-kabinove\"><strong>Tento typ tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;se n\u011bkdy rovn\u011b\u017e naz\u00fdv\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>konferen\u010dn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>. P\u0159i kabinov\u00e9m tlumo\u010den\u00ed je nutn\u00e1 tlumo\u010dnick\u00e1 technika a&nbsp;zvukot\u011bsn\u00e1 kabinka. Toto tlumo\u010den\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed<strong>&nbsp;dva tlumo\u010dn\u00edci<\/strong>, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed tandemov\u011b a&nbsp;pravideln\u011b se st\u0159\u00eddaj\u00ed. D\u016fvodem je n\u00e1ro\u010dnost t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed pozornost. Tu v\u0161ak lze udr\u017eet pouze n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek minut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Poslucha\u010di maj\u00ed b\u011bhem p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ky sluch\u00e1tka, do kter\u00e9ho je p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bn zvuk z&nbsp;mikrofonu, kter\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tlumo\u010dn\u00edk. Pro tento typ tlumo\u010den\u00ed je pot\u0159eba zajistit&nbsp;<strong>zvukov\u00e9ho technika<\/strong>, nebo\u0165 po\u017eadavky na kvalitu zvukov\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu podl\u00e9haj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ISO norm\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Krom\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch konferenc\u00ed je kabinov\u00e9 tlumo\u010den\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 pro ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed akce, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad&nbsp;<strong>gala ve\u010dery \u010di mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed symp\u00f3zia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.&nbsp;\u0160u\u0161ot\u00e1\u017e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 zajistit rovn\u011b\u017e&nbsp;<strong>bez zvukov\u00e9 techniky<\/strong>, \u010demu\u017e se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1&nbsp;<a href=\"page\/susotaz\"><strong>\u0161u\u0161ot\u00e1\u017e<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;nebo tak\u00e9 tlumo\u010den\u00ed \u0161eptem do ucha. Tento druh tlumo\u010den\u00ed lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pouze pro jednu a\u017e dv\u011b, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b t\u0159i, osoby, aby tlumo\u010dn\u00edk neru\u0161il ostatn\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed a&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edky. \u0160u\u0161ot\u00e1\u017e je vhodn\u00e1 pro m\u00e9n\u011b po\u010detn\u00e9 akce s&nbsp;krat\u0161\u00edm trv\u00e1n\u00edm, jako jsou&nbsp;<strong>men\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a&nbsp;sch\u016fzky<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Simult\u00e1nn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed s&nbsp;\u0161ept\u00e1ky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Nen\u00ed-li mo\u017en\u00e9 za\u0159\u00eddit pot\u0159ebnou zvukovou techniku pro kabinetn\u00ed tlumo\u010den\u00ed, ale je nutn\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkovat tlumo\u010den\u00ed pro&nbsp;<strong>skupinku mluv\u010d\u00edch do 15 osob<\/strong>, je mo\u017en\u00e9 zajistit tlumo\u010den\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tzv. \u201e\u0161ept\u00e1k\u016f\u201c, kter\u00e9 sest\u00e1v\u00e1 ze sluch\u00e1tek pro poslucha\u010de a&nbsp;mikrofonu pro tlumo\u010dn\u00edka. Tento zp\u016fsob poskytuje finan\u010dn\u00ed \u00fasporu, ale je vhodn\u00fd sp\u00ed\u0161e pro men\u0161\u00ed akce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Na co se zam\u011b\u0159it p\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru tlumo\u010dn\u00edka?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159i jak\u00e9mkoli typu tlumo\u010den\u00ed m\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee&nbsp;<strong>tlumo\u010dnick\u00e1 zku\u0161enost<\/strong>&nbsp;je stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 jako&nbsp;<strong>odborn\u00e1 znalost t\u00e9matu<\/strong>, kter\u00fd tlumo\u010dn\u00edk \u00fastn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed z&nbsp;jednoho jazyka do druh\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tlumo\u010dn\u00edk mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vybaven&nbsp;<strong>mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdmi naslouchac\u00edmi schopnostmi<\/strong>, \u0159e\u010dnick\u00fdmi dovednostmi a&nbsp;schopnostmi okam\u017eit\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e9st ve\u0161ker\u00e9 kulturn\u011b specifick\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy, jako jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad idiomy \u010di hovorov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy do druh\u00e9ho jazyka s&nbsp;maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159esnost\u00ed tak, aby mu publikum rozum\u011blo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\"><strong>P\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 centrum Presto<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0poskytuje tlumo\u010dnick\u00e9 slu\u017eby ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 25 let a&nbsp;spolupracujeme pouze s\u00a0prov\u011b\u0159en\u00fdmi tlumo\u010dn\u00edky. Na na\u0161i kompletn\u00ed nab\u00eddku tlumo\u010dnick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb se m\u016f\u017eete pod\u00edvat\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/page\/tlumocenihttps:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/tlumoceni\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"page\/tlumocenihttps:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/tlumoceni\"><strong>tady<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tlumo\u010den\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje \u00fastn\u00ed formu p\u0159ekladu, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje&nbsp;mezijazykovou komunikaci v&nbsp;re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. P\u0159i tomto procesu tlumo\u010dn\u00edk opakuje v&nbsp;jednom jazyce to, co mluv\u010d\u00ed \u0159ekl v&nbsp;jazyce jin\u00e9m. Tlumo\u010den\u00ed m\u00e1 v\u0161ak r\u016fzn\u00e9 podoby&nbsp;v&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti na kontextu&nbsp;a&nbsp;pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed situace. Na ka\u017ed\u00fd typ akce, kde je pot\u0159eba vyu\u017e\u00edt tlumo\u010dnick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, se hod\u00ed jin\u00fd typ tlumo\u010den\u00ed. Jednotliv\u00e9 druhy tlumo\u010den\u00ed se tak\u00e9 li\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebnou&nbsp;tlumo\u010dnickou technikou&nbsp;a&nbsp;vybavenost\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slovnik-pojmu"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2293"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9151,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2293\/revisions\/9151"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}