{"id":2262,"date":"2025-03-14T14:26:36","date_gmt":"2025-03-14T13:26:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/presto.digiamo.cz\/presto\/?p=2262"},"modified":"2025-07-01T14:12:56","modified_gmt":"2025-07-01T12:12:56","slug":"translatologie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/translatologie","title":{"rendered":"Translatologie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Jak u\u017e podle samotn\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu nejsp\u00ed\u0161 tu\u0161\u00edte, translatologie m\u00e1 co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s&nbsp;p\u0159ekladem. Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 V\u00e1s, co se za t\u00edmto term\u00ednem skr\u00fdv\u00e1?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je translatologie?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Translatologie je&nbsp;interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011bdn\u00ed obor, kter\u00fd se prim\u00e1rn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159evodem text\u016f z&nbsp;jednoho jazyka do jazyka druh\u00e9ho. Translatologie d\u00e1le zkoum\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>teorii p\u0159ekladu<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>d\u011bjiny p\u0159ekladu<\/strong>&nbsp;a&nbsp;<strong>p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak u\u017e samotn\u00fd term\u00edn \u201einterdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed\u201c napov\u00edd\u00e1, translatologie se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e jen samotn\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu a&nbsp;tlumo\u010den\u00ed. Zahrnuje&nbsp;znalosti mnoha&nbsp;<strong>dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdn\u00edch oblast\u00ed<\/strong>, jako je filologie, lingvistika, terminologie a&nbsp;liter\u00e1rn\u00ed komparistika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full width--full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-12.png 640w, https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/image-12-300x176.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Typy translatologie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Translatologie se prim\u00e1rn\u011b rozd\u011bluje na dva typy, jimi\u017e jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Deskriptivn\u00ed translatologie<\/strong>: do tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed teoretick\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je teorie p\u0159ekladu, kritika p\u0159ekladu a&nbsp;d\u011bjiny p\u0159ekladu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aplikovan\u00e1 translatologie<\/strong>: tato \u010d\u00e1st se zab\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/preklady\"><strong>p\u0159ekladatelskou<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<a href=\"page\/tlumoceni\"><strong>tlumo\u010dnickou<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0prax\u00ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159eklad jako takov\u00fd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Typy\u00a0<a href=\"page\/preklady\"><strong>p\u0159ekladu<\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00fdmi se v\u011bdn\u00ed obor zab\u00fdv\u00e1, mohou b\u00fdt nejen\u00a0<strong>p\u00edsemn\u00e9, ale i\u00a0\u00fastn\u00ed<\/strong>, a&nbsp;d\u00e1le bu\u010f\u00a0<strong>vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159ekladatelem \u010di strojov\u00e9<\/strong>. P\u0159eklad je \u010dinnost spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00a0porozum\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznamu textu v\u00a0jednom jazyce, kter\u00fd se naz\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0zdrojov\u00fd text, za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed textu s\u00a0ekvivalentn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem v\u00a0jin\u00e9m jazyce, jen\u017e se ozna\u010duje jako\u00a0c\u00edlov\u00fd text. V\u00fdsledek t\u00e9to \u010dinnosti se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159eklad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vznik a&nbsp;v\u00fdvoj translatologie jako v\u011bdn\u00ed discipl\u00edny<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o&nbsp;pom\u011brn\u011b mladou discipl\u00ednu, nebo\u0165 na v\u011bdeckou p\u016fdu vstoupila a\u017e na&nbsp;p\u0159elomu<strong>&nbsp;60.&nbsp;a&nbsp;70.&nbsp;let&nbsp;dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed<\/strong>, kdy byla vy\u010dlen\u011bna jako samostatn\u00fd obor. Prvn\u00ed f\u00e1ze v\u00fdvoje byla&nbsp;orientov\u00e1na sp\u00ed\u0161e lingvisticky, ov\u0161em pozd\u011bji v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu 80.&nbsp;let se lingvistick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup upoza\u010fuje a&nbsp;do pop\u0159ed\u00ed vstupuje uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed translatologie jako zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00edho prvku. Tento v\u00fdvoj ovlivnily r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u0161koly a&nbsp;teoretici, jako je telavivsk\u00e1 \u0161kola nebo manipula\u010dn\u00ed \u0161kola. Hlavn\u00edm smyslem tohoto v\u011bdn\u00edho oboru v\u0161ak nad\u00e1le z\u016fstalo&nbsp;<strong>odbour\u00e1vat jazykov\u00e9 a&nbsp;kulturn\u00ed bari\u00e9ry<\/strong>&nbsp;mezi mluv\u010d\u00edmi odli\u0161n\u00fdch jazyk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vznik&nbsp;<strong>prvn\u00edch modern\u00edch \u0161kol pro p\u0159ekladatele a&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edky<\/strong>&nbsp;se datuje od obdob\u00ed po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, s&nbsp;nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u0161kolou zalo\u017eenou v&nbsp;\u017denev\u011b v&nbsp;roce 1941. Prvn\u00ed takov\u00e1 \u0161kola v&nbsp;\u010ceskoslovensku vznikla roku 1963 v&nbsp;Praze na Univerzit\u011b 17.&nbsp;listopadu, kter\u00e1 se roku 1974 stala sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Filozofick\u00e9 fakulty Univerzity Karlovy a&nbsp;v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci n\u00ed\u017e dnes p\u016fsob\u00ed&nbsp;<strong>jako \u00dastav translatologie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010ceskoslovensk\u00fd zakladatel translatologie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zakladatelem \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 translatologie byl\u00a0<strong>liter\u00e1rn\u00ed teoretik, historik a&nbsp;teoretik p\u0159ekladu<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Lev%C3%BD\"><strong>Ji\u0159\u00ed Lev\u00fd<\/strong><\/a>. Jeho teoretick\u00e9 koncepce jsou p\u0159elomov\u00e9 d\u00edky jeho interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00edmu uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed o\u00a0komunikaci, literatu\u0159e a&nbsp;kultu\u0159e z\u00a0pohledu lingvistiky, liter\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011bdy a&nbsp;dokonce i\u00a0kybernetiky. Na jeho p\u0159\u00edstup v\u00a0teorii p\u0159ekladu d\u00e1le navazovali dal\u0161\u00ed teoretici, pedagogov\u00e9 i\u00a0p\u0159ekladatel\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dastav translatologie v&nbsp;\u010cR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V&nbsp;\u010cesk\u00e9 republice se nach\u00e1z\u00ed vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 pracovi\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 se specializuje nejen na v\u011bdn\u00ed obor translatologii, ale tak\u00e9 na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee se tedy zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkami p\u0159ekladatelstv\u00ed a&nbsp;tlumo\u010den\u00ed,&nbsp;<strong>zaji\u0161\u0165uje vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed&nbsp;budouc\u00edm p\u0159ekladatel\u016fm a&nbsp;tlumo\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm<\/strong>&nbsp;prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm studijn\u00edch obor\u016f P\u0159ekladatelstv\u00ed a&nbsp;tlumo\u010dnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jedn\u00e1 se o\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/utrl.ff.cuni.cz\/cs\/\"><strong>\u00dastav translatologie<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0na\u00a0<strong>Filosofick\u00e9 fakult\u011b Univerzity Karlovy\u00a0v Praze<\/strong>. M\u016f\u017eete zde studovat hned n\u011bkolik jazyk\u016f, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/anglictina\">Angli\u010dtina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/nemcina\">N\u011bm\u010dina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/francouzstina\">Francouz\u0161tina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/spanelstina\">\u0160pan\u011bl\u0161tina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/rustina\">Ru\u0161tina<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00fdm pracovi\u0161t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 poskytuje vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v&nbsp;tomto oboru, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na Filosofick\u00e9 fakult\u011b na&nbsp;<strong>Univerzit\u011b Palack\u00e9ho&nbsp;v&nbsp;Olomouci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak u\u017e podle samotn\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu nejsp\u00ed\u0161 tu\u0161\u00edte, translatologie m\u00e1 co do \u010din\u011bn\u00ed s&nbsp;p\u0159ekladem. Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 V\u00e1s, co se za t\u00edmto term\u00ednem skr\u00fdv\u00e1? Co je translatologie? Translatologie je&nbsp;interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u011bdn\u00ed obor, kter\u00fd se prim\u00e1rn\u011b zab\u00fdv\u00e1 p\u0159evodem text\u016f z&nbsp;jednoho jazyka do jazyka druh\u00e9ho. Translatologie d\u00e1le zkoum\u00e1&nbsp;teorii p\u0159ekladu,&nbsp;d\u011bjiny p\u0159ekladu&nbsp;a&nbsp;p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy. Jak u\u017e samotn\u00fd term\u00edn \u201einterdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed\u201c napov\u00edd\u00e1, translatologie se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u00edce [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2262","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-slovnik-pojmu"],"meta_box":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2262"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2262\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8392,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2262\/revisions\/8392"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.presto.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}